土壤的垂直运动是造成寒冷季节作物死亡的重要原因之一。寒冷季节,靠近幼株根部的湿土冻结时,根系上部被向上抬起,根系下部仍留在较深的土层中,因此,根系受到机械损伤,甚至被切断。这种现象在冬末特别易发生。在中欧,1928～1929年度的冬季,人们开始注意到土壤垂直运动与植株损伤的有关问题,当时,许多越冬作物和果树的死亡给农业造成巨大损失。波兰、匈牙利、南斯拉夫、芬 Vertical soil movement is one of the important causes of crop death in cold seasons. During the cold season, when the wet soil near the root of the young plant frozes, the upper part of the root system is lifted upward while the lower part of the root system remains in the deeper soil layer. Therefore, the root system is mechanically damaged and even cut off. This phenomenon is particularly vulnerable at the end of the winter. In Central Europe, during the winter of 1928-1929, attention was paid to issues related to vertical soil movement and plant damage, when many overwintering crops and fruit trees caused huge losses to agriculture. Poland, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Finland