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农村微水利是指渠沟塘堰等农村毛细水利设施,以及农户自发进行的清淤肥田、末级渠系维护、田间院落水土整治等农田水利建设活动。实行家庭承包经营以来,农村微水利呈现出衰退趋势的主要表现为:池塘淤积、沟渠遭废弃,村落水土流失疏于治理。微水利的衰退直接导致农业抵御水旱灾害的能力减弱。河南、湖北、湖南三省18村526农户调查结果表明,农民就业的非农化趋势越强,农民对农村的生活面向越弱,其从事微水利建设的可能性越小;农村各类精英所构成的社会资本越丰富,则微水利建设开展的可能性越大;反之则反。农村微水利的社会重建,应在建立专项财政农田水利资助体系,培育农村微水利的市场建设主体,整合农村人力资源,通过重建农村社会生活来重振农村微水利社会基础等方面下功夫。
Rural micro water conservancy refers to the rural capillary water conservancy facilities such as canal and ditch weir, as well as farmland water conservancy construction activities such as dredging and fertilizing, end canal maintenance and land and water remediation conducted by farmers. Since the implementation of household contract management, the main manifestations of the decline of rural micro-water conservancy are: siltation of ponds, abandoned ditches and neglect of soil erosion in villages. The decline of micro-irrigation led directly to the weakening of agriculture’s ability to withstand floods and droughts. The survey results of 526 rural households in 18 villages of three provinces of Henan, Hubei and Hunan show that the stronger the non-agriculturalization tendency of peasant employment, the weaker the peasant’s life toward rural areas and the less likely it is to engage in micro-water conservancy construction. The richer social capital, the greater the possibility of micro-water conservancy construction; on the contrary. The social reconstruction of rural micro water conservancy should make efforts in setting up a special financial system for irrigation and water conservancy, cultivating the main body of the market for rural micro water conservancy, integrating rural human resources and rebuilding the social foundation of rural micro water conservancy by rebuilding rural social life.