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以来自五大洲57个国家和地区的271份豌豆资源为材料,利用主成分分析和聚类分析的方法,评价其2个质量性状和7个数量性状的遗传变异水平。结果表明,参试资源的农艺性状具有丰富的遗传多样性。其中遗传多样性指数最高的是始荚节位(2.0590),其次是主茎节数(2.0421);性状变异系数最大的是小区产量(64.874%),其次是百粒重(61.870%)。采用SPSS 22.0软件对参试资源7个数量性状的主成分分析结果表明,前3个主成分因子累计贡献率达66.021%,Ward法聚类将参试的271份豌豆资源划分为4大类群,其中第Ⅱ类群属于高秆、大粒、高产种质,具有很高的丰产潜力,为我国杂交育种亲本选择提供了原材料。对取材数大于等于5的来自于四大洲17个国家的参试资源进一步分析发现,不同地理区域资源间遗传变异显著,其中印度的遗传多样性指数最高(1.7533),巴基斯坦的最低(0.9685),波兰的变异系数和遗传多样性都较高。综合分析国外种质资源的农艺性状,有助于我国豌豆育种项目亲本选配。
Using 271 pea resources from 57 countries and regions on five continents as the material, the genetic variability of two quality traits and seven quantitative traits was evaluated using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the agronomic traits of the tested resources had rich genetic diversity. Among them, the highest index of genetic diversity was pod node (2.0590), followed by the number of main stems (2.0421). The highest coefficient of variation was plot yield (64.874%), followed by one hundred kernel weight (61.870%). The principal component analysis of seven quantitative traits using SPSS 22.0 software showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal component factors reached 66.021%. Ward clustering divided 271 pea resources into four major groups, Among them, the second group belongs to high-stalk, large-grain and high-yielding germplasm, which has high yield potential and provides the raw materials for the selection of parents for crossbreeding in China. Further analysis of the tested resources from 17 countries on four continents showed that there were significant genetic variations among the resources in different geographic regions. Among them, India had the highest genetic diversity index (1.7533), the lowest in Pakistan (0.9685), and the lowest Poland has a high coefficient of variation and genetic diversity. A comprehensive analysis of the agronomic traits of foreign germplasm resources will help our country’s pea breeding project parent matching.