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前言随着医疗水平的不断发展,感染也出现了许多新问题。其中之一是各种降低人体感染防御机能的病理性、医源性因素增加,各种病原微生物的致病性、种类随之发生变化,以致一些致病性很弱、平素对人体无害的微生物,也能引起相当严重的病理状态。在小儿时期,尤其是新生儿、未成熟儿,感染防御机能尚未完善,加之各种基础疾病,并发症和其他易感因素,以及医源性因素的存在,更增大了感染的危险性。在这种感染防御机能减弱的宿主,往往会出现无致病性或弱致病性的条件致病性微生物(opportunistic pa-thogens)的感染,造成难治性的病理状态(机会感染,opportunistic infections)。临床上往往不容易断定机会感染来自外源性传染抑或内源性传染。
Preface With the continuous development of medical treatment, there have been many new problems of infection. One of them is a variety of pathological and lower iatrogenic factors that reduce the defense function of human infections. The pathogenicity and variety of various pathogenic microorganisms have changed so that some pathogenic bacteria are weak and are generally harmless to the human body Microorganisms can also cause quite serious pathological conditions. In infancy, especially newborns and immature infants, the imperfect infection defense function, together with various underlying diseases, complications and other predisposing factors, and the presence of iatrogenic factors have further increased the risk of infection. In such hosts with compromised defense capabilities, opportunistic infections are often opportunistic or pathogenic opportunistic infections (opportunistic infections), resulting in a refractory pathological condition (opportunistic infections ). Clinically, it is often not easy to conclude that opportunistic infections come from exogenous or endogenous infections.