Background Bronchial carcinoids are rare malignant neuroendocrine neoplasms.Some issues regarding surgical treatment of bronchial carcinoids remain controversial,including the role of bronchoplastic surgery and necessity of systematic lymphadenectomy.Methods This retrospective study involved 131 consecutive patients surgically treated for carcinoid tumors at Shanghai Chest Hospital between March 1990 and August 2010.Results Eighty-nine (67.9％) of the patients were male,and the mean age was 46 years,ranging from 17 to 81 years.Preoperative fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed in all patients.Endoscopic biopsy was performed in 100 patients with central tumors,and 70 (70％) patients were diagnosed as bronchial carcinoid.The resections performed consisted of 31 pneumonectomie,32 Iobectomies,26 bilobectomies,34 sleeve Iobectomies,six bronchoplastic procedures without lung resection,and two segmentectomies.During a median of 87 months follow-up,there were nine recurrences including three local recurrences and 6 distant recurrences.No bronchial recurrences were observed.The 3-,5-and 10-year overall survival rates of pneumonectom and bronchoplastic surgery (including sleeve Iobectomy and bronchoplastic procedure without lung resection) were 93.2％,81.0％ and 69.4％,97.5％,91.9％ and 70.0％,respectively.Multivariate Cox regression indicated that histology and nodal status were significant independent prognostic factors.Conclusions Bronchoplastic surgery should be considered whenever possible for central carcinoids.Systematic lymphadenectomy is recommended for bronchial carcinoid patients.Histology and nodal status were significant independent prognostic factors of overall survival of patients with bronchial carcinoid.