目的回顾性分析住院患者携带静脉血栓栓塞的高危因素和接受预防的情况,探讨不同治疗方案和出院后服药的依从性对其预后的影响。方法选取2015年2月至2016年8月河北医科大学第二医院血管外科收治的78例住院后继发静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)的患者,通过下肢静脉超声、下肢深静脉造影或计算机断层肺动脉造影明确诊断。根据Padua评分标准和Caprini评分标准分别对有内、外科住院病史的患者携带的危险因素进行评分,记录接受预防措施的相关情况。分别记录患者本次住院接受治疗的情况和入、出院时患、健侧大小腿的周径差。通过电话或门诊随访,记录患者出院后服药的依从性;根据Villalta评分标准评估血栓形成后综合征(PTS)的发生率和严重程度,记录发生大出血、复发等并发症的情况。结果 78例VTE患者发病前6周内有住院病史,其中有外科住院病史者63例,有内科住院病史者15例。接受预防措施的比例为37.18%,接受足量预防的患者仅为21.79%。住院期间7例患者行导管接触溶栓(CDT),38例患者接受外周系统溶栓、33例患者接受单纯抗凝治疗,15例患者置入下腔静脉滤器。所有患者出院时症状均改善。平均随访时间为(12.77±5.23)个月,41例患者服药依从性较好,15例患者发展成PTS(11例轻度病变,4例中度病变),3例患者复发,3例患者死亡(2例因原发病恶化,1例因脑干出血)。结论本中心统计的静脉血栓栓塞的高危因素比例与第10版《静脉血栓栓塞抗栓治疗指南》有所偏差,携带VTE危险因素的住院患者未能得到有效的预防,所以病情许可下建议行溶栓治疗,出院后服药的依从性影响患者的预后和相关并发症的发生。 Objective To retrospectively analyze the risk factors and prevention of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients, and to explore the influence of compliance of different treatment plans and medication after discharge on their prognosis. Methods From February 2015 to August 2016, 78 patients with post-hospital secondary venous thromboembolism (VTE) admitted to Department of Vascular Surgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were enrolled in this study. The venous thrombosis of lower extremity, deep venous leg or computed tomography Clear diagnosis. According to the Padua score and Caprini score, the risk factors of inpatients with surgical history of surgery and inpatients were scored respectively, and the relevant preventive measures were recorded. Patients were recorded in this hospital for treatment of the situation and into the discharge of patients, healthy contralateral large leg poor diameter. The patient’s compliance with medication after discharge was recorded by telephone or outpatient follow-up. The incidence and severity of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) were assessed according to the Villalta score standard. The complications such as major bleeding and recurrence were recorded. Results 78 patients with VTE within 6 weeks prior to the onset of hospitalization history, including 63 cases of surgical inpatient history, 15 cases of medical history in hospital. The proportion of patients who received preventive measures was 37.18%, and only 21.79% of patients received adequate prevention. Seven patients underwent catheterization of thrombolytic therapy (CDT) during hospitalization, 38 received thrombolysis in the peripheral system, 33 received anticoagulation and 15 received IVF. All patients had improved symptoms at discharge. The average follow-up time was (12.77 ± 5.23) months. 41 patients had good medication compliance, 15 patients developed PTS (11 mild lesions and 4 moderate lesions), 3 patients relapsed and 3 patients died (2 cases of deterioration due to primary disease, 1 case of bleeding due to brainstem). Conclusion The proportion of risk factors of venous thromboembolism in our center deviates from that of the 10th edition of “Guideline for Antithrombotic Therapy of Venous Thromboembolism”. Hospitalized patients with risk factors for VTE fail to be effectively prevented. Therefore, Suppository treatment, medication compliance after discharge affect the patient’s prognosis and related complications.