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为探讨分布式水文模型(如新安江模型等)在极小流域的适用性,针对闭合的湍口小流域,利用ArcGIS软件将实测的等高线图生成DEM,即可推求湍口流域地形坡度坡向值;利用手持GPS定位方法,获得了流域内植被种类及其覆盖率;采用探地雷达探测到了土壤厚度,通过室内试验确定了土壤种类、容重及含水量;最后对湍口小流域进行格网划分,将每个网格内实测值在ArcGIS中表示出来,就可获得湍口流域内水文下垫面各要素值(如田间持水量、凋萎含水量、饱和持水量参数、产流参数张力水蓄水容量WM、自由水蓄水容量SM、蓄水容量曲线指数等),进而简化新安江模型参数及降低参数率定的难度,以确保水文预报的准确性并提高预见期。
In order to explore the applicability of distributed hydrological model (such as Xinanjiang model) in the extremely small watershed, aiming at the closed tugou watershed, using ArcGIS software to generate DEM from the measured contour map, we can infer the topography gradient Slope direction value; the use of handheld GPS positioning method to obtain the species and coverage of the vegetation in the basin; using ground penetrating radar to detect the soil thickness, through indoor tests to determine the soil type, bulk density and water content; Finally, Grid division, the measured values in each grid are expressed in ArcGIS, and the hydrological underlying surface values in the turbulent watershed can be obtained (such as field capacity, wilting water content, saturated water capacity parameters, runoff Parameter tension water storage capacity WM, free water storage capacity SM, storage capacity curve index, etc.) to simplify the parameters of Xin’anjiang model and reduce the difficulty of parameter calibration in order to ensure the accuracy of hydrological forecasting and improve the forecasting period.