根据2002—2013年的省际面板数据,研究东部发达地区和中西部欠发达地区的人口结构对消费的区域差异化影响。结果表明,少儿抚养比对消费有着显著的正相关,老年抚养比对消费有着显著的负相关。东部发达地区少儿抚养比的正影响影响小于中西部欠发达地区,而东部发达地区老年抚养比的负影响影响大于中西部欠发达地区。通过对城乡收入比、储蓄率和实际利率等变量进行估计,结果符合我国国情和预期。 Based on the provincial panel data from 2002 to 2013, this paper studies the regional differences of population structure on consumption in the developed eastern and western parts of the less developed regions. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the dependency ratio of children and consumption, and there is a significant negative correlation between the dependency ratio of old age and consumption. The positive impact of child rearing in the developed eastern regions is less affected than that in the underdeveloped regions of the central and western regions, while the negative impact of the dependency ratio of the elderly in the developed eastern regions is greater than that of the underdeveloped regions in the central and western regions. Through the estimation of urban-rural income ratio, saving rate and real interest rate, the results are in line with China’s national conditions and expectations.