轻绳、轻杆和轻弹簧是三种常见的理想化物理模型.所谓的“轻”,是指其本身的质量、重力可忽略不计.它们都能发生弹性形变,因而都能产生弹力,但它们的特性并不完全相同.所以在有些问题中,从形式上看它们好象是一样的,然而实际上却完全不一样.下面结合例题分析它们的区别. 一、轻绳的张力可突变,而轻弹簧的弹力只能渐变由于理想化的绳不可伸长,即无论绳受到的拉力多大,绳子的长度不变,所以轻绳张力可突变.而轻弹簧受拉力或压力时,其形变较大, Lightweight ropes, light poles, and light springs are three common types of idealized physical models. The so-called “light” refers to its own mass and negligible gravity. All of them can be elastically deformed, and thus can generate elasticity, but Their characteristics are not exactly the same. So in some problems, they seem to be the same formally, but in fact they are completely different. The following examples analyze their differences. First, the tension of the light rope can be mutated, The elasticity of the light spring can only be gradual because the idealized rope cannot be stretched, that is, no matter how much tension the rope receives, the length of the rope does not change, so the tension of the light rope can mutate. When the light spring is under tension or pressure, the deformation of the light spring is relatively small. Big,