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代词是英语十大词类之一,也是历年中考英语中的一个考查热点｡本文拟以近两年全国部分省市的中考英语试题为例,对代词的主要考点作一归纳和分析,供同学们复习备考之用｡(下面划有横线的备选项为正确答案)
一､ 对人称代词的考查
[试题精选]
1. —Miss Liu, we’ll have a class meeting. Could you give _______ some advice?
—OK.
A. her B. us C. you(2006年临汾市)
2. —Miss Lin teaches_______English this term.
—You’re lucky._______is a very good teacher.
A. our; She B. us; He
C. us; She D. ours; He(2006年福州市)
3. —I like apples.
—_______.
A. Me too B. My brother is
C. Don’t do that(2005年重庆市)
[考点简析] 此类试题主要考查人称代词的主格和宾格的不同用法｡人称代词的主格常用作主语,宾格常用作及物动词或介词的宾语｡作主语的人称代词若用于无谓语动词的简短应答型句子中时,应用宾格形式来代替主格形式｡
二､ 对物主代词的考查
[试题精选]
1. It isn’t_______watch. I left mine at home.
A. my B. me C. I D. myself(2006年北京市)
2. —Is this your son’s sweater?
—No._______is on the chair behind the desk.
A. He B. Him C. She D. His(2006年重庆市)
3. —Is this your bicycle, David?
—No, it’s not_______ . It’s Helen’s.
A. his B. yours C. mine D. hers(2006年南京市)
?眼考点简析?演 此类试题主要考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的不同用法｡形容词性物主代词一般放在名词的前面,作定语;名词性物主代词具有名词的功能,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中可以用作主语､宾语或表语｡
三､ 对反身代词的考查
[试题精选]
1. —Our teacher wouldn’t give us the answers to the questions directly.
—Why not work them out all by_______ ?
A. themselves B. himself
C. ourselves D. myself(2005年安徽省)
2. Don’t lose_______in computer games, children.
A. yourself B. yourselves
C. ourselves D. themselves(2005年威海市)
[考点简析] 此类试题主要考查反身代词的单复数形式以及它们在 enjoy oneself(玩得开心), help oneself to(随便用/吃……), kill oneself(自杀), lose oneself in(陶醉于), express oneself(自我表达), introduce oneself(自我介绍), talk to oneself(自言自语), learn by oneself(自学)等固定短语中作及物动词或介词宾语的用法｡
四､ 对复合不定代词的考查
[试题精选]
1. —What else do you want?
—_______ else. I think I have got everything ready.
A. Something B. Nothing
C. Anything D. Everything(2006年重庆市)
2. Come on, Sue! Here’s_______about the English Speech Contest.
A. something useful B. anything special
C. nothing exciting(2006年山西省)
3. —Do you believe_______you read in ads?
—No, only some of them.
A. something B. anything
C. nothing D. everything(2006年沈阳市)
4. —Who helped you with your English?
—_______! I learned it all by myself.
A. Nobody B. Anybody
C. Somebody D. Everybody(2006年安徽省)
5. The math exam was very difficult. I don’t think_______could pass it.
A. someone B. everyone C. no one(2006年厦门市)
[考点简析] 此类试题主要考查 something, everything, anything, nothing 等表示事物的复合不定代词和 somebody, everyone, everybody, nobody, anybody 等表示人的复合不定代词的不同用法｡这些复合不定代词都作单数看待,在句中可作主语､宾语或表语｡一般来说, something, somebody, everything, everybody 用于肯定句, anything, anybody 用于否定句､疑问句或条件状语从句; nothing, nobody 本身具有否定意义,不可再与 not 连用｡此外,形容词修饰复合不定代词时,通常置于这些不定代词之后｡
五､ 对 one, it, that, those 等代词的考查
[试题精选]
1. —My pen is lost and I can’t find it anywhere.
—So you will have to buy_______ .
A. it B. few C. one D. any(2006年河南省)
2. —John, someone in your class phoned you this morning.
—Oh, who was_______ ?
A. he B. she C. it D. that(2006年江西省)
3. Smokers always find_______difficult to give up smoking.
A. it B. that C. this(2006年贵阳市)
4. The pears in my basket are smaller than_______ in Jim’s.
A. it B. that C. ones D. those(2005年黑龙江省)
[考点简析]此类试题主要考查 one, it, that, those 等代词的替代作用｡一般来说, one 表示泛指,指代上文所提到过的同类人或事物中的一个,它只能代替可数名词单数;it表示特指,指代上文所提到过的那个事物,它只能代替可数名词单数或不可数名词,也可以指代说话者无法确认性别的人;it还可以用作形式主语或形式宾语,代替后面作真正主语或真正宾语的动词不定式或从句; that 表示特指,指代上文中出现过的可数名词单数或不可数名词; those 用来指代上文中出现过的可数名词复数,相当于 the ones｡
六､ 对易混不定代词的考查
[试题精选]
1. —Which would you like, a cup of coffee or a glass of milk?
—_______, thanks. I think I’ll just have a glass of water.
A. Neither B. Either C. Nothing D. None(2006年无锡市)
2. —Here’s coffee and tea. You may have_______ .
—Thanks.
A. either B. each C. one D. it(2006年武汉市)
3. —How many of these books have you read?
—_______ of them. Every one.
A. Many B. Some C. All D. None(2005年江西省)
4. —Your coffee smells good!
—It’s from Canada. Would you like_______?
A. it B. some C. this D. little(2005年天津市)
5. The Smiths have visited two famous cities. One is in Japan and_______ is in China.
A. another B. other
C. others D. the other(2006年石家庄市)
[考点简析] 此类试题主要考查 all, both, either, neither, none； some, any； another, the other, others； few, a few； little, a little 等易混不定代词的不同用法｡ all 意为“(三者或三者以上)所有的人或物”; both 意为“两者(都)”､“双方”｡ all 或 both 都表示肯定意义,当其用作主语同位语时,在多数情况下 all 或 both 都是位于助动词或 be 动词之后,实义动词之前｡ either 意为“(两者之中)任意一个”,表示肯定意义｡当其用作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式｡ neither 意为“(两者中)无一”,表示否定意义｡当其用作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式｡ none 意为“(三者或三者以上中)没有一个”,表示否定意义｡当其用作主语时,谓语动词可以用单数形式,也可用复数形式｡ some 用于肯定句中, any 用于否定句或疑问句中｡但 some 也可用于疑问句中,表示一种客气的请求或希望得到对方肯定的答复｡ another 泛指“三个或三个以上的人或物中的一个”; the other 指“已知的两个人或物的另一个”,它常与上文中的 one 连用｡ others 泛指“其他的人或物”; the others 相当于“the other+可数名词复数”,指“一定范围内的其余的人或物”,常与上文中的 some 连用｡ few 替代可数名词, little 替代不可数名词,两者均表示否定意义; a few 替代可数名词, a little 替代不可数名词,两者均表示肯定意义｡
一､ 对人称代词的考查
[试题精选]
1. —Miss Liu, we’ll have a class meeting. Could you give _______ some advice?
—OK.
A. her B. us C. you(2006年临汾市)
2. —Miss Lin teaches_______English this term.
—You’re lucky._______is a very good teacher.
A. our; She B. us; He
C. us; She D. ours; He(2006年福州市)
3. —I like apples.
—_______.
A. Me too B. My brother is
C. Don’t do that(2005年重庆市)
[考点简析] 此类试题主要考查人称代词的主格和宾格的不同用法｡人称代词的主格常用作主语,宾格常用作及物动词或介词的宾语｡作主语的人称代词若用于无谓语动词的简短应答型句子中时,应用宾格形式来代替主格形式｡
二､ 对物主代词的考查
[试题精选]
1. It isn’t_______watch. I left mine at home.
A. my B. me C. I D. myself(2006年北京市)
2. —Is this your son’s sweater?
—No._______is on the chair behind the desk.
A. He B. Him C. She D. His(2006年重庆市)
3. —Is this your bicycle, David?
—No, it’s not_______ . It’s Helen’s.
A. his B. yours C. mine D. hers(2006年南京市)
?眼考点简析?演 此类试题主要考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的不同用法｡形容词性物主代词一般放在名词的前面,作定语;名词性物主代词具有名词的功能,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中可以用作主语､宾语或表语｡
三､ 对反身代词的考查
[试题精选]
1. —Our teacher wouldn’t give us the answers to the questions directly.
—Why not work them out all by_______ ?
A. themselves B. himself
C. ourselves D. myself(2005年安徽省)
2. Don’t lose_______in computer games, children.
A. yourself B. yourselves
C. ourselves D. themselves(2005年威海市)
[考点简析] 此类试题主要考查反身代词的单复数形式以及它们在 enjoy oneself(玩得开心), help oneself to(随便用/吃……), kill oneself(自杀), lose oneself in(陶醉于), express oneself(自我表达), introduce oneself(自我介绍), talk to oneself(自言自语), learn by oneself(自学)等固定短语中作及物动词或介词宾语的用法｡
四､ 对复合不定代词的考查
[试题精选]
1. —What else do you want?
—_______ else. I think I have got everything ready.
A. Something B. Nothing
C. Anything D. Everything(2006年重庆市)
2. Come on, Sue! Here’s_______about the English Speech Contest.
A. something useful B. anything special
C. nothing exciting(2006年山西省)
3. —Do you believe_______you read in ads?
—No, only some of them.
A. something B. anything
C. nothing D. everything(2006年沈阳市)
4. —Who helped you with your English?
—_______! I learned it all by myself.
A. Nobody B. Anybody
C. Somebody D. Everybody(2006年安徽省)
5. The math exam was very difficult. I don’t think_______could pass it.
A. someone B. everyone C. no one(2006年厦门市)
[考点简析] 此类试题主要考查 something, everything, anything, nothing 等表示事物的复合不定代词和 somebody, everyone, everybody, nobody, anybody 等表示人的复合不定代词的不同用法｡这些复合不定代词都作单数看待,在句中可作主语､宾语或表语｡一般来说, something, somebody, everything, everybody 用于肯定句, anything, anybody 用于否定句､疑问句或条件状语从句; nothing, nobody 本身具有否定意义,不可再与 not 连用｡此外,形容词修饰复合不定代词时,通常置于这些不定代词之后｡
五､ 对 one, it, that, those 等代词的考查
[试题精选]
1. —My pen is lost and I can’t find it anywhere.
—So you will have to buy_______ .
A. it B. few C. one D. any(2006年河南省)
2. —John, someone in your class phoned you this morning.
—Oh, who was_______ ?
A. he B. she C. it D. that(2006年江西省)
3. Smokers always find_______difficult to give up smoking.
A. it B. that C. this(2006年贵阳市)
4. The pears in my basket are smaller than_______ in Jim’s.
A. it B. that C. ones D. those(2005年黑龙江省)
[考点简析]此类试题主要考查 one, it, that, those 等代词的替代作用｡一般来说, one 表示泛指,指代上文所提到过的同类人或事物中的一个,它只能代替可数名词单数;it表示特指,指代上文所提到过的那个事物,它只能代替可数名词单数或不可数名词,也可以指代说话者无法确认性别的人;it还可以用作形式主语或形式宾语,代替后面作真正主语或真正宾语的动词不定式或从句; that 表示特指,指代上文中出现过的可数名词单数或不可数名词; those 用来指代上文中出现过的可数名词复数,相当于 the ones｡
六､ 对易混不定代词的考查
[试题精选]
1. —Which would you like, a cup of coffee or a glass of milk?
—_______, thanks. I think I’ll just have a glass of water.
A. Neither B. Either C. Nothing D. None(2006年无锡市)
2. —Here’s coffee and tea. You may have_______ .
—Thanks.
A. either B. each C. one D. it(2006年武汉市)
3. —How many of these books have you read?
—_______ of them. Every one.
A. Many B. Some C. All D. None(2005年江西省)
4. —Your coffee smells good!
—It’s from Canada. Would you like_______?
A. it B. some C. this D. little(2005年天津市)
5. The Smiths have visited two famous cities. One is in Japan and_______ is in China.
A. another B. other
C. others D. the other(2006年石家庄市)
[考点简析] 此类试题主要考查 all, both, either, neither, none； some, any； another, the other, others； few, a few； little, a little 等易混不定代词的不同用法｡ all 意为“(三者或三者以上)所有的人或物”; both 意为“两者(都)”､“双方”｡ all 或 both 都表示肯定意义,当其用作主语同位语时,在多数情况下 all 或 both 都是位于助动词或 be 动词之后,实义动词之前｡ either 意为“(两者之中)任意一个”,表示肯定意义｡当其用作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式｡ neither 意为“(两者中)无一”,表示否定意义｡当其用作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式｡ none 意为“(三者或三者以上中)没有一个”,表示否定意义｡当其用作主语时,谓语动词可以用单数形式,也可用复数形式｡ some 用于肯定句中, any 用于否定句或疑问句中｡但 some 也可用于疑问句中,表示一种客气的请求或希望得到对方肯定的答复｡ another 泛指“三个或三个以上的人或物中的一个”; the other 指“已知的两个人或物的另一个”,它常与上文中的 one 连用｡ others 泛指“其他的人或物”; the others 相当于“the other+可数名词复数”,指“一定范围内的其余的人或物”,常与上文中的 some 连用｡ few 替代可数名词, little 替代不可数名词,两者均表示否定意义; a few 替代可数名词, a little 替代不可数名词,两者均表示肯定意义｡