急性心肾综合征(CRS)是继发于急性心功能不全的肾脏损伤。发病机制包括一氧化氮/活性氧类平衡的失调、全身炎症和细胞凋亡、活化交感神经系统、血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的激活、旁分泌和系统分泌的各种物质。急性心肾综合征的疾病进展较快,诊断上主要依赖于患者的临床症状以及相关的实验室检查。目前急性心肾综合征的治疗手段主要为改善心功能,维持肾脏灌注,消除利尿剂抵抗以及改善患者预后的治疗。 Acute cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a renal injury secondary to acute cardiac insufficiency. Pathogenesis includes nitric oxide / reactive oxygen species imbalance, systemic inflammation and apoptosis, activation of the sympathetic nervous system, activation of the angiotensin-aldosterone system, paracrine and systemic secretion of various substances. Acute cardiorenal syndrome disease progresses rapidly, the diagnosis depends mainly on the patient’s clinical symptoms and related laboratory tests. At present, the treatment of acute cardiorenal syndrome is mainly to improve cardiac function, maintain renal perfusion, eliminate diuretic resistance and improve the prognosis of patients.