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加里·斯奈德的《山河无尽》是21世纪众多诗人追求的一种诗歌创作模式,该模式近似于19世纪西方流行的长卷叙事组诗(也叫古典史诗),有韵律还押韵,并在其基础上经反复打磨而发展起来的新的诗歌创作形式。尽管在形式和内容方面均有相悖的重要证据,许多文学评论家确实把斯奈德的长卷组诗曲解为美国史诗。“美国”和“史诗”这两个说法都不准确,均妨碍了读者正确理解形式对显现在斯奈德40年里各个阶段的写作中的结构和整体主题的影响。在这篇文章中,我想强调为何该组诗必然是“非美国”和“非史诗”的,以及如此厘清为何对我们鉴赏该文本、对我们理解现当代长诗和组诗更宏大的内涵具有重要的意义。这些作品体现了现代小说的体裁在表达和情节方面的影响,它们打破了狭隘的民族主义光环,拒绝了自亚里士多德提出史诗体裁以来那些定义它的板上钉钉的论断。
Gary Snider’s “endless rivers and lakes” is a kind of poetic creation mode pursued by many poets in the 21st century. The model is similar to the long-scroll narrative poem (also called classical epic) popular in the west of the 19th century. Based on repeated grinding and developed a new form of poetry. Despite contradictory evidence of form and content, many literary critics do indeed interpret Snyder’s long scroll of poems as American epic. Both the “American” and “epic” statements are inaccurate and prevent the reader from correctly understanding the impact of form on the structure and the overall theme of writing in all stages of Snyder ’s 40 years. In this essay, I want to emphasize why the poem must be “non-American ” and “non-epic ”, and so clarify why we appreciate the text for us to understand the modern era poem and poem more ambitious The connotation is of great significance. These works embody the expressive and plot influence of the genres of modern fiction, breaking the narrow nationalist aura and rejecting the assertion that defines it since Aristotle proposed epic genres.