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自然之债,即不完全之债。它是一个古老的法律概念,受自然法思想影响,起源于古罗马的奴隶制、家长制以及市民法传统时期,现今仍然活跃在当代很多国家的法律或学理中。随着市场经济的发展与成熟,关于自然之债的案件日益增多,纷繁复杂,然而现有社会状况反映出许多自然之债案例还没能执行到位。究其原因,一方面是自然之债本身就比较复杂,另一方面则是国民法律素养未达到理解自然之债的水平。因此,本文试图从自然之债的基础知识、案例谈起,明确自然之债的分类、效力以及执行问题等。
Natural debt, that is, incomplete debt. It is an ancient concept of law influenced by the thought of natural law and originated from the ancient Roman tradition of slavery, patriarchal and civil law. Today it is still active in the laws and theories of many contemporary countries. With the development and maturity of the market economy, the number of cases concerning natural debts has been increasing and complicated. However, the current social situation shows that many natural debt cases have not been implemented yet. The reason, on the one hand is the debt of nature itself is more complicated, on the other hand is the national legal literacy has not reached the level of understanding of the natural debt. Therefore, this article attempts to talk about the basic knowledge and case of natural debt and clarify the classification, effectiveness and implementation of natural debt.