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目的:了解井冈山地区新生儿窒息流行现状及特点,探讨新生儿窒息的危险因素。方法:采用横断面研究方法分析新生儿窒息现状及特点;用病例对照研究及Logistic回归分析方法探讨新生儿窒息的危险因素及其交互作用。结果:井冈山地区新生儿窒息发生率为16.1%,其中轻度窒息率为14.2%,重度窒息率为1.9%。单因素的Logistic回归分析表明,孕周、浮肿程度、早产、前置胎盘、宫内窘迫、羊水量、胎盘早剥、既往早产次数与新生儿窒息之间存在统计学关联(P≤0.05);多因素分析显示,早产、宫内窘迫和胎盘早剥进入了主效应模型,且三者间均不存在交互作用。结论:井冈山地区新生儿窒息率相对较高,但流行特征不明显;早产、宫内窘迫、胎盘早剥是导致新生儿窒息的三个主要独立危险因素。
Objective: To understand the prevalence and characteristics of neonatal asphyxia in Jinggangshan area and explore the risk factors of neonatal asphyxia. Methods: The cross-sectional study was used to analyze the status and characteristics of neonatal asphyxia. The case-control study and logistic regression analysis were used to explore the risk factors and their interactions in neonatal asphyxia. Results: The incidence of neonatal asphyxia in Jinggangshan was 16.1%, of which mild asphyxia was 14.2% and severe asphyxia was 1.9%. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between gestational age, degree of edema, preterm birth, placenta previa, intrauterine distress, amniotic fluid volume, placental abruption, the number of previous preterm births and neonatal asphyxia (P≤0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that preterm birth, intrauterine distress and placental abruption into the main effect model, and there is no interaction between the three. Conclusion: The rate of neonatal asphyxia in Jinggangshan area is relatively high, but the epidemic characteristics are not obvious. Preterm birth, intrauterine distress and placental abruption are the three major independent risk factors for neonatal asphyxia.