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在《历史决定论的贫困》一书中,波普将历史决定论划为反自然主义学说和泛自然主义学说两类。在对二者作了详细的定义后,又进行批判,认为二者都不能成为“科学理论”。本文主要讨论的是历史决定论中的反自然主义学说,也就是马克思著作中提到的能动的历史观。笔者将本书中波普反对能动的历史观的理由进行了归纳,通过分析,笔者认为波普站在唯科学主义的立场来否定马克思关于具体社会问题和趋势之思想的合法性,是一种标准的不合时宜。
In “The Determinism of Poverty”, Popper classified historical determinism into anti-naturalist and pan-naturalist. After elaborating the two in detail, they criticize each other and think that neither of them can become “scientific theory”. This article mainly discusses the anti-naturalism theory in historical determinism, that is, the dynamic historical view mentioned in Marx’s writings. The author summarizes the reason why Popper opposed the dynamic view of history in this book. According to the analysis, I think Popper rejected the legitimacy of Marx’s thought on specific social problems and trends in the position of scientism Standard out of date.