“大型真菌”这个名词应包括所有的蘑菇。即使从分类的角度来看,它们之间可能差异很大,或者属于子囊菌纲,或者属于担子菌纲。它们的共同特征是在生活史中能产生发育减数分裂的孢子机构,即子实体(子囊果或担子果)。这些子实体是肉眼可见的,而且还可能是可食用的。后一个特征证明,在对决定形成子实体的条件的生理学研究中,生物工艺学的重要性。对有关非食用的种也已进行一些重要的研究。这是由于:一方面因为控制可食用种 The term “large fungus” should include all mushrooms. Even from a taxonomic point of view, they may vary widely, either from the Ascomycetes or from the Basidiomycetes. Their common feature is that they produce sporophytes that develop meiosis in their life history, ie, fruiting bodies (ascus or basil fruit). These fruiting bodies are visible to the naked eye and may also be edible. The latter feature demonstrates the importance of biotechnology in the physiological study of the conditions that determine the formation of fruiting bodies. There have also been some important studies on non-food species. This is due, on the one hand, to the control of edible species