霍乱是由霍乱弧菌引起的烈性肠道传染病,发病急,传播快,属国际检疫传染病。霍乱的传染源是患者和带菌者,它主要是通过水、食物、苍蝇及人的日常生活接触面造成传播。患病者多是在病发一周内到过流行疫区,和霍乱患者接触过,或饮用了被污染的水、吃过被污染的食物。病人先是频繁剧烈腹泻,后有反复呕吐,大便呈黄水样,渐转为米泔水样,或血水样便。很快便出现口渴、脱水的现象,严重的出现肌肉痉挛、循环衰竭、代谢性酸中毒和急性肾功能衰竭等,如不及时治疗,可危及生命。霍乱与其他急性肠道传染病的主要区别是患 Cholera is a potent intestinal infectious disease caused by Vibrio cholerae. It is an international quarantine infectious disease with rapid onset and rapid spread. The source of cholera is the infection of patients and carriers, which are mainly caused by water, food, flies and people’s daily contact. Most of the patients were caught in epidemic-endemic areas within one week after the onset of illness, had contact with cholera patients, or had used contaminated water and eaten contaminated food. The patient first frequent violent diarrhea, after repeated vomiting, stool was yellow like water, gradually turned into rice water samples, or blood samples. Soon there will be thirst, dehydration, severe muscle spasms, circulatory failure, metabolic acidosis and acute renal failure, if not treated, can be life-threatening. The main difference between cholera and other acute gut diseases is suffering