在我国现行的一些卫生统计和流行病学教科书中,一些描述疾病分布的指标,其定义和分类方法仍有不严谨之处。在教学和实际应用中常常出现概念和分类方法上的混淆。因此,严格的从数理科学的角度,重新认识一些疾病分布指标的概念及其分类方法是有必要的。本文着重讨论我们对率和比这两个指标的新认识。 In some of the current health statistics and epidemiological textbooks in China, some of the indicators that describe the distribution of the disease are still rigorous in their definitions and classification methods. Confusion of concepts and classification methods often occurs in teaching and practical applications. Therefore, strictly from the perspective of mathematical science, it is necessary to re-understand the concept of some disease distribution indicators and their classification methods. This article focuses on our new understanding of the rate and the two indicators.