对生物性状遗传的研究一开始就和细胞学有密切的联系。早在十九世纪中叶,奥地利人孟德尔曾对生物的遗传现象进行了系统的研究。他在杂交试验中发现,生物性状的遗传是按一定规律进行的,譬如高茎豌豆的后代是高茎豌豆,矮茎豌豆的后代是矮茎豌豆,这说明豌豆的高茎性状和矮茎性状是遗传的。如果把这两种豌豆进行正反杂交,它的第一子代总是产生高茎豌豆面不产生矮茎豌豆,因此他把这种高茎性状叫做“显性性 The study of inheritance of biological traits has a close relationship with cytology from the very beginning. As early as the mid-nineteenth century, the Austrian Mendel had a systematic study of the genetic phenomena of living things. He found in the hybridization experiment, the genetic traits of biological traits are carried out according to a certain law, for example, the offspring of tall stem peas are tall peas, and the short-stalk peas are the descendants of short-stalked peas, indicating that the tall stems and short stems of peas It is genetic. If both peas were crossed back and forth, the first offspring of the two peas always produced a high-stalked pea surface that did not produce short-stalked peas, so he called this stout trait "dominant