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民族自治地方人大有的同志问:自治条例和单行条例为什么只能由人大制定?而人大常委会无权制定?为什么还要报经省级以上人大常委会批准?据我理解,宪法和民族区域自治法对制定自治条例和单行条例作出上述比制定地方性法规更为严格的规定,主要原因是制定自治条例和单行条例,可以对国家法律作出变通或者补充规定。对国家法律作出变通或者补充规定是民族自治地方自治机关区别于地方性法规的一个根本标志。进一步研究如何对国家法律作出变通或者补充规定对于民族自治地方的人大全面有效地行使自治权,加快地方民族立法,提高民族自治法规的质量和实效确实有着十分重要的意义。
Why is it that the NPC Standing Committee has no power to formulate and why it is still subject to the approval of the NPC Standing Committee at the provincial level or above? According to my understanding, the Constitution and the ethnic minority areas The autonomy law makes the above-mentioned stricter provisions than the autonomy regulations and the unilateral regulations over the formulation of local laws and regulations. The main reason is that autonomous regulations and separate regulations are made, and the laws of the country can be modified or supplemented. Making changes or supplementing provisions to national laws is a fundamental sign that the organs of self-government of ethnic autonomous areas differ from local laws and regulations. Further study on how to make amendments or supplements to national laws is of great significance to the comprehensive, effective exercise of the autonomy of the people’s congresses in ethnic autonomous areas, the acceleration of local ethnic legislation, and the improvement of the quality and effectiveness of national autonomy laws.