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基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)是一组含锌的能降解细胞外基质的中性蛋白酶家族。目前认为MMPs尤其是明胶酶(MMP-2,MMP-9)与中枢神经系统感染关系密切。通常它们以酶原的形式存在,一旦活化,则迅速攻击血脑屏障,降解基底膜的一些基质蛋白,破坏内皮细胞的紧密连接蛋白,促进脑水肿的形成和炎细胞的浸润。近年来研究发现,中枢神经系统感染后MMPs表达增加,导致血脑屏障损害及血管源性脑水肿,并参与中枢神经系统免疫反应,促进感染的病理生理过程。
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc neutral protease families that degrade extracellular matrix. Now that MMPs, especially gelatinase (MMP-2, MMP-9) and the central nervous system infection are closely related. Normally they exist in the form of zymogens, which, once activated, rapidly attack the blood-brain barrier, degrade some matrix proteins in the basement membrane, disrupt the tight junction proteins of endothelial cells, promote the formation of brain edema and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. In recent years, the study found that after the infection of the central nervous system MMPs increased expression, leading to blood-brain barrier damage and vasogenic brain edema, and participate in the central nervous system immune response and promote the pathophysiology of infection.