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以2006—2016年我省尘肺病诊断组诊断的421例农民工矽肺病例为研究对象,采用描述性和推断性统计学分析方法对患者的人群、时间、地区(三间)分布等特征进行分析。421例矽肺患者均为男性,壹期155例(36.8%)、贰期143例(34.0%)、叁期123例(29.2%);累计接尘工龄2个月~17年,≤2年的293例(69.6%),首次诊断为贰期以上的266例,占63.2%,呈“速发性矽肺”特征,平均诊断年龄(41.7±8.2)岁,平均接尘工龄1.4(0.8~2.4)年,均低于非农民工平均诊断年龄(49.3±9.7)岁和平均接尘工龄20.0(12.5~32.0)年(P<0.05)。D县和C县是农民工矽肺病例主要的分布地区,分别为287例(68.2%)和109例(25.9%),占总病例的94.1%,均为出外省某金矿打工的返乡农民工。421例矽肺除1例分布在国有企业外,其他均分布在小型私营企业,其中414例(98.3%)分布在金矿采选行业,工种集中在凿岩工329例(78.1%)和搬运工37例(8.8%)。提示我省农民工矽肺患病形势严峻,有明显的地区和行业聚集性。农民工所在的私人金矿设备简陋,防尘设施差,工人个人防护意识差,是造成矽肺高发的主要原因,应引起相关部门的重视。
Based on the 421 cases of migrant workers silicosis diagnosed in the pneumoconiosis diagnosis group in our province from 2006 to 2016, we analyzed the characteristics of the population, time and area (distribution) of the patients using descriptive and inferential statistical methods . Among the 421 patients with silicosis, there were 155 males in one (36.8%), 143 (34.0%) in second phase and 123 (29.2%) in three phases. The cumulative duration of dust exposure was 2 months to 17 years and 2 years The mean age at diagnosis (41.7 ± 8.2) years and average dusting age of 1.4 (0.8 ~ 3.0) were 293 cases (69.6%), 266 cases diagnosed for the first time (63.2% 2.4) years were lower than the average diagnosis age of non-migrant workers (49.3 ± 9.7) years and the average dusting age of 20.0 (12.5 ~ 32.0) years (P <0.05). D and C counties were the main distribution areas of migrant workers with silicosis cases, accounting for 287 cases (68.2%) and 109 cases (25.9%) respectively, accounting for 94.1% of the total cases, all of them returning home farmers work. One hundred and forty-one cases of silicosis were located in the private mining enterprises except one state-owned enterprise. Among them, 414 cases (98.3%) were distributed in the gold mining and dressing industry with 329 workers (78.1%) and porters 37 cases (8.8%). Suggest that migrant workers in our province silicosis prevalence situation is severe, there is a clear regional and industry concentration. Private gold mines where peasant workers are located have poor facilities, poor dust-proof facilities and poor worker personal protection awareness, which are the main reasons for the high incidence of silicosis and should be given the attention of relevant departments.