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激光具有单色性好、相干性强、准直性高以及高亮度、大功率等特点,在通信、航天、遥感、测距和监测等多领域得到了广泛应用。但是,激光容易受自然环境的影响,尤其是云雾天气。激光在云雾中传输时会受到云雾的衰减、散射等作用,基于云雾的多变性,研究的试验条件很难满足,难度较大。文中重点论述了云雾的物理特性、激光与云雾的作用机理和云雾对激光的后向散射特性;利用激光回波信号高速数据采集及存储系统,对云雾的后向散射回波信号进行实时采集,并采用数字信号处理软件对采集的激光回波信号进行统计分析,验证了云雾对激光后向散射特性的理论分析结论,并对云雾和目标的反射统计特性进行了初步分析。
Laser has the characteristics of good monochromaticity, strong coherence, high collimation, high brightness and high power. It has been widely used in many fields such as communication, spaceflight, remote sensing, ranging and monitoring. However, the laser is easily affected by the natural environment, especially the foggy weather. Laser transmission in the cloud will be subject to cloud attenuation, scattering and other effects, based on the variability of clouds, the study of the test conditions is difficult to meet, more difficult. In this paper, the physical characteristics of clouds, the mechanism of laser and cloud fog and the backscattering characteristics of the clouds on laser are discussed emphatically. Using the laser echo signal high-speed data acquisition and storage system, the backscattering echo signals of clouds and fog are collected in real- The collected laser echo signals were statistically analyzed with digital signal processing software. The theoretical analysis of the laser backscattering characteristics was validated. The reflection statistic characteristics of the cloud and the target were also analyzed.