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[主持人] 同学们,我宣布:反意疑问句“新闻发布会”现在开始!
[小记者]请问发言人,什么叫反意疑问句?
[发言人] 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句。它表示提问者对某事物有一定的看法,但没有把握,希望对方来证实。它由两部分构成:前一部分是对事物的陈述,称作陈述部分;后一部分是简短的提问,称作疑问部分或附加部分。
[小记者] 怎样将陈述句变成反意疑问句呢?
[发言人] 反意疑问句的前后两部分要求人称、数、时态一致,一般有两种情况:一种是“肯定陈述句+否定的简短问句”,此时,否定的简短问句必须采用缩写形式;另一种是“否定陈述句+肯定的简短问句”。具体地讲:
1. 陈述部分含有be,情态动词或do,have,will等时,疑问部分或附加部分的谓语仍然由这些词构成。例如:
You are a worker, aren’t you?
你是个工人,是不是?
They can’t sing, can they?
他们不会唱歌,对吗?
Her brother is learning English, isn’t he?
她哥哥正在学英语,对不对?
He didn’t go to work yesterday, did he?
他昨天没有去上班,是吗?
2. 陈述部分含有实义(行为)动词时,附加部分要用助动词do, does, did, have, has构成。例如:
He wants to go there, doesn’t he?
他想到那儿去,是不是?
Tom bought a dictionary yesterday, didn’t he?
昨天汤姆买了本词典,是不是?
[小记者] 反意疑问句是不是和一般疑问句一样用Yes或No来回答?
[发言人] 是的,肯定的就用Yes,否定的就用No,答语的前后要一致。特别强调的是:“前面陈述部分否定而疑问部分肯定”的反意疑问句回答与汉语表达习惯不一样。Yes译成 “不”,No反而译成 “对,是的”。 例如:
—You aren’t teachers, are you?
—Yes, we are./ No,we aren’t.
——你们不是老师,是吗?
——不,我们是。/对,我们不是。
[小记者]学习反意疑问句,还要注意哪些方面呢?
[发言人]要掌握反意疑问句,我们必须注意以下几个方面:
1.疑问部分的主语必须与陈述部分的主语保持一致,当陈述部分的主语是名词或不定代词时,疑问部分的主语要用相应的人称代词。例如:
Jim’s mother is a teacher, isn’t she?
吉姆的妈妈是老师,对不对?(这里用she而不用Jim’s mother)
2.陈述部分含有little, few, nothing, nobody, never, no, hardly (几乎不)等否定或半否定词时,也视为否定句,其疑问部分要用肯定式。例如:
You can see nobody in the classroom, can you?
你看见没有人在教室里,是吗?
3.“There be”句型的疑问部分要用be的相应形式。例如:
There is a little water in the glass, isn’t there?
杯里有一点儿水,是不是?
4. have, has或had 表示“有”的意思时,构成的反意疑问句可以直接用have, has 或had的相应形式,还可以用助动词do, does 或did构成。例如:
He has few friends here,does / has he?
这儿他几乎没有朋友,对吗?
5.祈使句的反意疑问句,其疑问部分一般用will you,但是以“Let’s...”开头时一般用shall we。例如:
Don’t leave here, will you?
别离开这里,行吗?
Let’s go to the Great Wall tomorrow, shall we?
明天咱们去长城,好吗?
6.“I am...”句型的反意疑问句疑问部分一般用aren’t I。例如:
I am in Row One, aren’t I?
我在第一排,对吗?
[主持人] 同学们,我宣布:反意疑问句“新闻发布会”到此结束!谢谢发言人和各位记者,更谢谢同学们的积极参与!
[练一练]
一、完成下列反意疑问句。
1. Your mother is a doctor, _____ _____?
2. Mr Green never went to Beijing, _____ _____?
3. It’s going to rain, ______ ______?
4. Helen can understand Japanese,_____ _____?
5. She has a five-year-old son, _____ _____?
6. I’m a good nurse, _____ _____?
7. There are few students in the classroom,_____ ______?
8. You’d better go on a trip tomorrow, _____ _____?
9. Everyone is going to visit the museum, _____ _____?
10. Nothing is wrong with your bike, _____ _____?
11. None of the farmers grew the crops on the field, ____ ____?
12. It’s a white, bright room, ____ _____?
13. You’ll be late for the meeting, _____ _____?
14. Let’s clean the room, ____ ____?
15. Let us walk home, _____ _____?
16. Don’t run so fast,_____ _____?
17. The poor had the hard life in the past, _____ _____ ?
18. The boy is unhappy now, _____ ______ ?
19. Some of the food is delicious, _____ _____?
二、下列句子均有一处错误,请指出并改正。
1. He often goes to bed at ten in the evening, isn’t he?
2. Lucy is from America, isn’t Lucy?
3. We can never say Mr John, can’t we?
4. Everyone is here, isn’t he?
5. There is some water in the bottle, isn’t it?
6. She is unlike her mother, is she?
7. She needs our help, needn’t she?
Key:
一、1. isn’t she2. did he3. isn’t it4. can’t she 5. hasn’t / doesn’t she 6. aren’t I7. are there 8. hadn’t you 9. aren’t they10. is it 11. did they 12. isn’t it 13. won’t you 14. shall we15. will you 16. will you17. didn’t they 18. isn’t he19. isn’t it
二、1. isn’t →doesn’t2. isn’t Lucy→isn’t she3. can’t→can4. isn’t he→aren’t they5. isn’t it→isn’t there6. is she→isn’t she7. needn’t she→doesn’t she
[小记者]请问发言人,什么叫反意疑问句?
[发言人] 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句。它表示提问者对某事物有一定的看法,但没有把握,希望对方来证实。它由两部分构成:前一部分是对事物的陈述,称作陈述部分;后一部分是简短的提问,称作疑问部分或附加部分。
[小记者] 怎样将陈述句变成反意疑问句呢?
[发言人] 反意疑问句的前后两部分要求人称、数、时态一致,一般有两种情况:一种是“肯定陈述句+否定的简短问句”,此时,否定的简短问句必须采用缩写形式;另一种是“否定陈述句+肯定的简短问句”。具体地讲:
1. 陈述部分含有be,情态动词或do,have,will等时,疑问部分或附加部分的谓语仍然由这些词构成。例如:
You are a worker, aren’t you?
你是个工人,是不是?
They can’t sing, can they?
他们不会唱歌,对吗?
Her brother is learning English, isn’t he?
她哥哥正在学英语,对不对?
He didn’t go to work yesterday, did he?
他昨天没有去上班,是吗?
2. 陈述部分含有实义(行为)动词时,附加部分要用助动词do, does, did, have, has构成。例如:
He wants to go there, doesn’t he?
他想到那儿去,是不是?
Tom bought a dictionary yesterday, didn’t he?
昨天汤姆买了本词典,是不是?
[小记者] 反意疑问句是不是和一般疑问句一样用Yes或No来回答?
[发言人] 是的,肯定的就用Yes,否定的就用No,答语的前后要一致。特别强调的是:“前面陈述部分否定而疑问部分肯定”的反意疑问句回答与汉语表达习惯不一样。Yes译成 “不”,No反而译成 “对,是的”。 例如:
—You aren’t teachers, are you?
—Yes, we are./ No,we aren’t.
——你们不是老师,是吗?
——不,我们是。/对,我们不是。
[小记者]学习反意疑问句,还要注意哪些方面呢?
[发言人]要掌握反意疑问句,我们必须注意以下几个方面:
1.疑问部分的主语必须与陈述部分的主语保持一致,当陈述部分的主语是名词或不定代词时,疑问部分的主语要用相应的人称代词。例如:
Jim’s mother is a teacher, isn’t she?
吉姆的妈妈是老师,对不对?(这里用she而不用Jim’s mother)
2.陈述部分含有little, few, nothing, nobody, never, no, hardly (几乎不)等否定或半否定词时,也视为否定句,其疑问部分要用肯定式。例如:
You can see nobody in the classroom, can you?
你看见没有人在教室里,是吗?
3.“There be”句型的疑问部分要用be的相应形式。例如:
There is a little water in the glass, isn’t there?
杯里有一点儿水,是不是?
4. have, has或had 表示“有”的意思时,构成的反意疑问句可以直接用have, has 或had的相应形式,还可以用助动词do, does 或did构成。例如:
He has few friends here,does / has he?
这儿他几乎没有朋友,对吗?
5.祈使句的反意疑问句,其疑问部分一般用will you,但是以“Let’s...”开头时一般用shall we。例如:
Don’t leave here, will you?
别离开这里,行吗?
Let’s go to the Great Wall tomorrow, shall we?
明天咱们去长城,好吗?
6.“I am...”句型的反意疑问句疑问部分一般用aren’t I。例如:
I am in Row One, aren’t I?
我在第一排,对吗?
[主持人] 同学们,我宣布:反意疑问句“新闻发布会”到此结束!谢谢发言人和各位记者,更谢谢同学们的积极参与!
[练一练]
一、完成下列反意疑问句。
1. Your mother is a doctor, _____ _____?
2. Mr Green never went to Beijing, _____ _____?
3. It’s going to rain, ______ ______?
4. Helen can understand Japanese,_____ _____?
5. She has a five-year-old son, _____ _____?
6. I’m a good nurse, _____ _____?
7. There are few students in the classroom,_____ ______?
8. You’d better go on a trip tomorrow, _____ _____?
9. Everyone is going to visit the museum, _____ _____?
10. Nothing is wrong with your bike, _____ _____?
11. None of the farmers grew the crops on the field, ____ ____?
12. It’s a white, bright room, ____ _____?
13. You’ll be late for the meeting, _____ _____?
14. Let’s clean the room, ____ ____?
15. Let us walk home, _____ _____?
16. Don’t run so fast,_____ _____?
17. The poor had the hard life in the past, _____ _____ ?
18. The boy is unhappy now, _____ ______ ?
19. Some of the food is delicious, _____ _____?
二、下列句子均有一处错误,请指出并改正。
1. He often goes to bed at ten in the evening, isn’t he?
2. Lucy is from America, isn’t Lucy?
3. We can never say Mr John, can’t we?
4. Everyone is here, isn’t he?
5. There is some water in the bottle, isn’t it?
6. She is unlike her mother, is she?
7. She needs our help, needn’t she?
Key:
一、1. isn’t she2. did he3. isn’t it4. can’t she 5. hasn’t / doesn’t she 6. aren’t I7. are there 8. hadn’t you 9. aren’t they10. is it 11. did they 12. isn’t it 13. won’t you 14. shall we15. will you 16. will you17. didn’t they 18. isn’t he19. isn’t it
二、1. isn’t →doesn’t2. isn’t Lucy→isn’t she3. can’t→can4. isn’t he→aren’t they5. isn’t it→isn’t there6. is she→isn’t she7. needn’t she→doesn’t she