一、前言上海滩涂资源丰富,沿江、沿海各县,历年来围滩造地,取得了良好的经济效益。据上海市水利部门统计,建国45年来,上海土地面积增长了约110万亩,占全市总面积约1/10。近年来,由于上海城市化面积不断扩大和浦东的开发开放,土地供求矛盾日益尖锐,从本世纪末到下世纪初,在合理节约用地的前 I. Introduction Shanghai beach is rich in resources, along the coast, coastal counties, over the years around the beach land, and achieved good economic returns. According to statistics from Shanghai’s water conservancy department, since the founding of the People’s Republic 45 years ago, Shanghai’s land area has increased by about 1.1 million mu, accounting for about 1/10 of the total area of ​​the city. In recent years, due to the continuous expansion of urbanization in Shanghai and the development and opening up of Pudong, the contradiction between supply and demand of land has become increasingly acute. From the end of this century to the beginning of the next century, before the rational conservation of land