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目的分析流行性乙型脑炎的流行特征,为进一步防控乙脑提供科学依据。方法分析2011年1月至2016年12月河南省南阳市几所医院就诊的疑似乙脑患者的临床资料,采集患者静脉血,使用酶联免疫吸附试验检测乙脑IgM抗体,A值/阴性对照≥2.1为阳性,应用SPSS19.0统计学软件进行数据统计分析。结果结合临床症状予以确诊207例乙脑病例,其中男性115例,女性92例,男女比例为1.25︰1,不同性别病例数差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.189,P=0.1692)。<10岁71例(34.30%),10~岁22例(10.63%),20~岁11例(5.31%),30~岁13例(6.28%),40~岁14例(6.76%),50~岁28例(13.53%),≥60岁48例(23.19%);乙脑的发病主要集中在<10岁及≥60岁年龄人群,与其他年龄组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.347,5.008,P均<0.05)。农民75例(36.23%)、散居儿童45例(21.74%)、学生29例(14.01%)、托幼儿童11例(5.31%)及其他47例(22.71%),不同职业人群构成比差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.108,P<0.05)。农村病例169例,城市病例38例。乙脑发病主要集中在6~10月,8月达到峰值。乙脑病例均有发热,大部分伴有抽搐、头痛、意识障碍及呕吐等症状,少数重型患者伴有呼吸衰竭。结论乙脑夏秋季高发,儿童及老年人易发病,临床表现为发热、头痛、呕吐、抽搐、意识障碍等症状;应加强儿童乙脑疫苗接种。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis and provide a scientific basis for further prevention and control of Japanese encephalitis. Methods The clinical data of suspected JE patients treated in several hospitals in Nanyang City, Henan Province from January 2011 to December 2016 were analyzed. The venous blood samples were collected and the IgM antibody of JE was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the A value / negative control ≥ 2.1 was positive, the application of statistical software SPSS19.0 statistical analysis. Results A total of 207 cases of JE were diagnosed with clinical symptoms, including 115 males and 92 females. The ratio of males to females was 1.25︰1. There was no significant difference in the number of males and females (χ2 = 0.189, P = 0.1692). 10 patients (71%), 10 patients (10.63%) at 10 years old, 11 patients (5.31%) at 20 years old, 13 patients (6.28%) at 30 years old and 14 patients (6.76% The incidence of Japanese encephalitis was mainly in the population of <10 years old and ≥60 years old, with statistical significance compared with other age groups (χ2 = 5.347, 5.008, P <0.05). There were 75 cases of peasants (36.23%), 45 cases of scattered children (21.74%), 29 cases of students (14.01%), 11 cases of nursery children (5.31%) and 47 cases (22.71% Statistical significance (χ2 = 6.108, P <0.05). 169 cases of rural areas, 38 cases of urban cases. JE incidence mainly concentrated in 6 to 10 months, peaked in August. JE cases have fever, most with convulsions, headache, disturbance of consciousness and vomiting and other symptoms, a small number of patients with severe respiratory failure. Conclusion The incidence of Japanese encephalitis is high in summer and autumn, and children and the elderly are prone to develop disease. The clinical manifestations include fever, headache, vomiting, convulsions, disturbance of consciousness and so on. Children’s JE vaccine should be strengthened.