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民事抗诉监督的诉讼结构问题涉及到对民事抗诉制度的合理性评价,值得深入研究。“四边形结构论”、“三棱锥结构论”和“棱形结构论”等现有理论,都存在类似的思维定势上的基本不足。民事审判检察监督其实属于概括性意涵,通过民事抗诉制度得到整体表达与功能实现,民事抗诉监督结构分析应当直接面向民事抗诉制度之整体,无需预设所谓检法之间的“监督线”。新民事诉讼法框架下,民事抗诉制度之整体属于五阶构造。前四阶属于检察阶段,其为申请抗诉一方当事人和被申请一方当事人平等对立、检察机关居中审查的等腰三角形关系结构。第五阶属于审判阶段,其为当事人两造对席、法院居中审判的等腰三角形关系结构,检察机关在审判阶段的程序角色是形式性的而非实质性的。总之,民事抗诉监督的诉讼结构为“双等腰三角形”结构。这一结构符合诉讼结构的原型,同样具备公正性的标准。
The litigation structure of civil protest supervision involves the evaluation of the rationality of the civil protest system and deserves further study. Existing theories such as the theory of quadrilateral structure, the theory of the structure of the pyramids and the theory of the prism structure have the same basic problems of thinking. Prosecutorial supervision of civil trial is in fact a general meaning, and the overall expression and function of civil protest system are realized. The analysis of civil protest supervision structure should directly face the civil protest system as a whole without prejudging the so-called “supervisory line ”. Under the framework of the new civil procedure law, the civil protest system as a whole belongs to the fifth-order structure. The first four stages belong to the procuratorial phase, which is the isosceles triangle structure between the party applying for protest and the party to be applied for equal opposition to the prosecutor’s office. The fifth stage belongs to the trial stage. It is an isosceles triangle structure in which the parties make two matches and the courts are in the middle of the trial. The procedural role of the prosecution in the trial stage is formal rather than substantive. In short, the civil protest litigation structure for the “double isosceles triangle ” structure. This structure is in line with the prototype litigation structure, also has the fairness of the standard.