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歧义(ambiguity)是一种普遍的语言现象,一种语言形式具有两个或多于两个含义的语言现象就可以被理解为歧义。认知语言学家从心理认知的角度来研究歧义,通过对歧义这种语义、句法现象的研究来探索语言认知过程的普遍规律。从心理认知视觉来看,歧义认知过程的模式,即多重通达模式(multiple access model),选择通达模式(selective access model),顺序通达模式(order access model)及重排序通达模式(reordered access model),语境在消解歧义上具有重要作用,利用内在语境因素,即词汇搭配、句法、语义关系,和外在语境因素,即语言常识、情景和社会文化背景可以消解在词法、句法、语义和语用等多种语言层面上的歧义,从而达到准确理解语言的目的。
Ambiguity is a common linguistic phenomenon in which linguistic phenomena with two or more meanings in linguistic form can be interpreted as ambiguities. Cognitive linguists study ambiguity from the perspective of psychological cognition, and explore the universal law of linguistic cognition through the study of the semantic and syntactic phenomena of ambiguity. From the perspective of psychological cognition, the patterns of the cognitive process of ambiguity are multiple access model, selective access model, order access model and reordered access model, context plays an important role in dispelling disambiguation. By using internal contextual factors, that is, lexical collocation, syntax, semantic relations, and external contextual factors, ie language common sense, context and socio-cultural background, , Semantics and pragmatics and other multi-lingual level of ambiguity, so as to achieve accurate understanding of language purposes.