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为降低常规爆破对保留岩体的破坏损伤,提出了定向卸压隔振爆破方法,并介绍了其技术原理。霍普金森杆、超动态、动焦散、动光弹和一级轻气炮等试验结果表明:采用定向卸压隔振爆破隔振材料一侧爆炸初始压力降低了30%~60%,爆破振动峰值下降了32%~67%;作用于隔振材料一侧爆轰波能量被阻隔46.95%,隔振材料一侧保留岩石的声速降低13.48%;临空面一侧的主剪应力是隔振材料一侧的3.5倍,应力强度因子是隔振材料一侧的1~2.12倍。实践表明,临空面方向汇集了大量能量,获得了好的爆破效果,同时可以减少露天边坡的开挖费用和平巷掘进超欠挖量。
In order to reduce the damage damage to the retained rock mass by conventional blasting, a directional pressure-relief vibration-proof blasting method is proposed and its technical principle is introduced. Hopkinson bar, ultra-dynamic, dynamic caustics, dynamic photoelastic and a light gas gun test results show that: the use of directional relief vibration isolation vibration isolation material side of the initial explosion pressure reduced by 30% to 60%, blasting The vibration peak value dropped by 32% -67%; the detonation energy of the side of the vibration isolating material was blocked by 46.95%; the sound velocity of the rock retaining the vibration isolation material side was reduced by 13.48%; the main shear stress on the freeboard side was 3.5 times the side of the vibration material, the stress intensity factor is 1 ~ 2.12 times the vibration isolation material side. The practice shows that a large amount of energy is collected in the direction of the free surface and a good blasting effect is obtained. At the same time, it is possible to reduce the excavation cost of the open slope and the over-under-excavation of the roadway.