万家寨水库排沙运用效果分析

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万家寨水库运用以来,死库容逐渐淤满,进入正常运用期,2011年正式启用排沙运用以维持长期有效库容.基于万家寨水库运用以来的水文泥沙观测资料,对水库排沙运用和降低水位冲沙运用进行统计,分析水库排沙效果及主要影响因素.研究表明,2011-2019年8-9月库水位控制在952~957 m排沙运用累计245 d,排沙1.688亿t,降低水位冲沙运用39 d,排沙量2.734亿t,单位水量的排沙效率远大于排沙运用;降水冲沙期的排沙量与运用水位具有很好的非线性负相关关系,水位越低,排沙量越大,而排沙运用的出库沙量与径流量呈较好线性正相关关系.不同运用情况的排沙效果可用统一关系式表达,坝前水面比降影响更大.桃汛期水位降低到955 m以下也会产生部分排沙.水库排沙运用仅能够排泄部分泥沙,有助于维持有效库容,而降水冲沙是库区冲刷和库容恢复的有效方法.
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