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有端部封盖的圆柱形战斗部爆炸产生破片的特征很难用理论公式确定,而在战斗部接近爆炸情况下,爆炸破片的分布将直接影响结构的破坏模式。该文采用数值计算方法对有端部封盖的圆柱形战斗部爆炸时壳体破裂形成自然破片的过程进行了数值模拟,研究了战斗部壳体产生的破片空间分布及速度特性,探讨了破片尺寸的影响因素,并将破片的速度分布特性与相关实验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:有端部封盖的圆柱形战斗部爆炸时,远离起爆点的端部封盖形成的破片速度最大,圆柱形壳体高度方向上的破片的质量差异是由破片的长度尺寸引起,圆柱形壳体轴向(沿高度方向)的膨胀应变率的差值是破片长度的主要决定因素。远离起爆点的壳体轴向膨胀应变率差值较小,是破片长度尺寸较大的主要原因。
It is very difficult to determine the characteristics of explosive fragments generated by the explosion of cylindrical warheads with end caps. The distribution of explosive fragments will directly affect the structural failure mode in the warhead near explosion. This paper numerically simulates the natural rupture of the shell when the cylindrical warhead with the end cap is exploded by numerical calculation. The space distribution and velocity characteristics of the fragments generated by the shell of the warhead are studied. Size of the factors, and the velocity distribution of fragments and related experimental results were compared. The results show that when the cylindrical warhead with the end cap explodes, the fragment formed by the end cap far away from the initiation point has the fastest velocity. The difference in fragment height in the height direction of the cylindrical shell is caused by the length of the fragment, The difference in expansion strain rate in the axial (in the height direction) direction of the cylindrical shell is the major determinant of fragment length. Away from the detonation point of the shell axial expansion strain rate difference is smaller, is the main reason for fragment size larger.