大约一个世纪以前,法国马克思主义民族学家拉法格在揭示各民族中割礼的产生和特点的社会原因时指出:我们“不得不承认民族志学的工作和宗教的历史研究对这种半开化人的习俗作出更可信的和更有普遍意义的解释”~①。笔者认为,拉法格这句话,对于石器时代考古学文化,特别是反映生活的非物质层面的文化遗存的研究,同样有指导的意义~②。解放后,我国考古工作者在陕西、甘肃、黑龙江、福建等省新石器时代遗址的墓地中发 About a century ago, Lafarge, a French Marxist ethnologist, pointed out in revealing the social causes of the origins and characteristics of circumcision in all ethnic groups: We have to admit that the work of ethnography and the historical study of religion are of such a semi- Human customs make a more credible and more universal interpretation. " The author believes that Lafarge’s remark is equally instructive for the study of the archeological cultures of the Stone Age, especially the non-material cultural relics that reflect life. After the liberation, our country’s archaeologists in Shaanxi, Gansu, Heilongjiang, Fujian Neolithic sites in the cemetery hair