一、语境与背景人类历史是一部新旧交替、相互作用的历史。19世纪末20世纪初,工业化进程中经济的转型时期美国人的心态也经历了从失衡到平衡的变化。一方面,物质的进步使美国变成了一个两极分化的社会;另一方面,人们心理上和道德上又要求回归一种更加平等的生活。正是在这两股力量的互动之下,出现了转型时期的社会改革,而黑幕揭发运动就是以新闻记者为代表的中产阶级知识分子为寻 First, the context and background Human history is an old and new alternating history of interaction. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the mentality of Americans also experienced a change from imbalance to equilibrium during the economic transition of industrialization. On the one hand, the material progress has transformed the United States into a polarized society; on the other hand, people are psychologically and morally demanding a return to a more equal life. It is in the interaction of these two forces that social reforms have taken place during the transitional period, while the shady uncovering campaign is the search for middle-class intellectuals represented by journalists