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根据内含适应理论,利他者的利他行为会降低利他者自身的适合度,利他行为因此不能得到进化,但在自然界和人类社会中利他行为却广泛存在着,故而如何解释利他行为的进化成为了自达尔文以来长期困扰着生物学哲学界的一个难题。1998年索伯和威尔逊建立了一套数学模型,以试图根据群体选择理论来解释利他行为的进化,但二人所展示的利他行为进化是根据反辛普森悖论对两组数据在权重上进行操作所得到的虚假真实。在对索伯-威尔逊模型批判的基础上,我们提出了一种利他行为进化模型,认为利他行为的进化是在个体选择和群体选择的共同作用下进行的,当利他者的付出会给群体带来更高的回报时,拥有利他者的群体会表现出进化优势,这种进化优势与利他者在群体中的比率成正相关,利他者本身所持有的防御机制使得该利他优势得以保持,如此利他行为得以进化。
According to the theory of inclusiveness, the altruistic altruism will reduce the fitness of the altruistic person. Altruistic behavior can not be evolved, but altruistic behavior exists widely in nature and in human society. Therefore, how to explain the evolution of altruistic behavior has become A dilemma has long plagued the philosophy of biology in Darwin. In 1998, Sauber and Wilson established a mathematical model in an attempt to explain the evolution of altruistic behavior based on the theory of group choice, but the evolution of altruistic behavior exhibited by the two was based on the anti-Simpson paradox for weighting the two groups of data The resulting false truth. Based on the critique of the Sauber-Wilson model, we propose an altruistic behavior evolutionary model that argues that the altruistic behavior evolves under the joint action of individual choice and group choice. When an altruist pays off, In return for higher returns, groups with altruistic individuals show an evolutionary advantage that is positively related to the ratio of the altruistic group to the mass, and that the altruistic own defensive mechanism enables the altruistic superiority to be maintained, and so on Altruistic behavior evolved.