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离子聚合物金属复合材料(IPMC)是一种新型的电致激活功能材料。为了研究IPMC的驱动特性,需要掌握其基本力学性能。通过化学镀方法,在一种与Nafion 117相似的离子交换膜表面镀金属铂(Pt),制备了IPMC拉伸试样;测定了不同含水量情况下,IPMC试样尺寸的变化;通过拉伸试验和扫描电镜(SEM)形貌观察,研究IPMC含水量与拉伸性能之间、含水量与弹性模量之间的变化关系。研究表明:在聚合物基底溶胀状态下,试样各向尺寸变化相同,IPMC的弹性模量随其含水量的增加而降低,呈幂指数趋势下降;针对表面金属(Pt)镀层厚度为5～20μm的IPMC试样,表层金属产生龟裂,且Pt元素在厚度方向上分布不均匀,若仍采用层合板理论对其弹性模量进行预测,将导致较大的误差。本文结果可为IPMC的力学建模、失效形式等研究提供有益的参考。
Ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) is a new type of electro-active functional material. In order to study the driving characteristics of IPMC, we need to know its basic mechanical properties. IPMC tensile specimens were prepared by electroless plating on the surface of an ion exchange membrane similar to Nafion 117. The changes of the size of the IPMC specimens were measured under different water contents. The morphological changes of water content and elastic modulus of IPMC were investigated by SEM, SEM and SEM. The results show that the changes of the dimensions of the samples in the swollen state are the same, the elastic modulus of the IPMC decreases with the increase of the water content, and the power index tends to decrease. For the surface coating with Pt thickness of 5 ~ 20μm IPMC sample, the surface of the metal cracks, and Pt element in the thickness direction of the uneven distribution, if still using the theory of the laminated plate to predict its modulus of elasticity, will lead to greater errors. The results of this paper can provide useful references for the research of mechanical modeling and failure modes of IPMC.