近代工业兴起,大量女性进入工厂和男性从事同样的社会劳动,传统的性别角色分工被打破,但怀孕、分娩、哺乳等生育行为成为困扰其工作和生活的一个重要问题,女工生育问题因此出现。“五四”运动后,女工生育保障问题开始为学者关注,此后成为劳工团体、妇女团体与女工们的斗争目标,生育问题由私人领域拓展到公共领域,成为公共议题。在社会各界的推动下,政府推出女工生育保障立法,生育的相关费用由工厂负担,生育风险由家庭转向社会。由于历史条件的限制,法律并没有得到切实执行,但女工生育风险应由社会保障的观念为时人所接受,为后来的政权进行相关立法提供了思想基础。 The rise of modern industry, a large number of women entering the factory and men engaged in the same social work, the traditional division of gender roles is broken, but pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding and other reproductive behavior plagued their work and life is an important issue of female fertility problems arise. After the “May 4th Movement”, the issue of women’s maternity protection began to attract scholars’ attention. Since then, it has become the goal of the struggle of labor groups, women’s groups and women workers. The issue of childbearing has been expanded from the private sphere to the public sphere and has become a public issue. Under the impetus of all walks of life, the government has introduced the legislation on the maternity protection for women workers. The expenses related to childbearing are borne by the factory and the risk of childbearing is shifted from the family to the society. Due to the restriction of historical conditions, the law has not been effectively implemented. However, the concept of social security for the risk of female childbearing is well accepted by the people and provides the ideological basis for the subsequent legislation to carry out relevant legislation.