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20世纪 90年代以来 ,上海市外来流动人口数量快速增长 ,该人群已成为发生免疫可预防传染病的高危人群 ,尤其是麻疹在这部分人群中时有发生 ,且大部分为儿童。 2 0 0 1年 1～ 10月在所有麻疹确诊病例中 ,外来流动人口病例 5 10例 ,与 2 0 0 0年同期相比上升了 186 5 %;同期发生麻疹爆发 34起 ,爆发病例 130例 ,均为外来流动人口。外来流动人口 ,尤其是儿童的免疫接种率较低 ,卡介苗、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破联合疫苗、麻疹疫苗、乙型肝炎疫苗的接种率分别为 70 0 8%、6 5 2 4%、6 0 96 %、70 6 5 %和 5 3 2 7%,五种疫苗的合格接种率仅 41 0 2 %。针对上述情况 ,为了有效控制外来流动人口免疫可预防传染病的发生 ,引入免疫预防长效管理机制 ,并根据以往的工作经验 ,对外来流动人口的免疫预防策略进行了探讨。
Since the 1990s, the number of migrants in Shanghai has risen rapidly. The population has become a high risk population for immune-preventable infectious diseases. In particular, measles occurs frequently in this population and most of them are children. From January to October 2001, out of all confirmed cases of measles, 5,10 cases of migrants were detected, up by 186 5% over the same period in 2000; 34 cases of measles outbreak in the same period and 130 cases of outbreaks , Are foreign migrants. Vaccination rates among migrants, especially children, were relatively low. The vaccination rates of BCG vaccine, oral polio vaccine, diphtheria combination vaccine, measles vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine were 70.0% and 65.4% , 6 0 96%, 70 6 5% and 5 3 2 7% respectively. The eligible vaccination rate of the five vaccines was only 41 0 2%. In response to the above situation, in order to effectively control the immigrant population from immigrants to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases, a long-term immunization preventive management mechanism is introduced. Based on previous work experience, the immunological prevention strategies for migrants are discussed.