目的探讨食管癌切除术后吻合口瘘发生的原因及防治方法。方法结合国内外文献,对我院23例食管癌切除术后吻口瘘的病例进行回顾性分析。结果保守治疗死亡1例,死亡总数1例,总死亡率4.3%。结论手术切口的选择,保证吻合口的血液供应,仔细吻合,营养支持,重视围手术期的处理是预防吻合口瘘的有效措施。早期吻合口瘘,如无明显的手术禁忌证,则选择采用二次手术治疗。中晚期吻合口瘘患者,保守治疗为首选。 Objective To investigate the causes and prevention and treatment of anastomotic fistula after resection of esophageal cancer. Methods Combined with domestic and foreign literature, retrospective analysis of 23 cases of esophagogastric fistula resection in our hospital. Results 1 case of conservative treatment deaths, the total number of deaths in 1 case, the total mortality rate of 4.3%. Conclusion The choice of surgical incision, to ensure anastomotic blood supply, careful coincidence, nutritional support, emphasis on perioperative management is an effective measure to prevent anastomotic leakage. Early anastomotic leakage, if no obvious contraindications for surgery, then choose to use the second surgery. In the late stage of anastomotic leakage, conservative treatment is preferred.