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目的了解某二级综合医院医务人员职业暴露情况,探讨防护策略。方法对某医院2007—2016年发生职业暴露的医务人员进行调查,对其职业、科室、暴露部位、暴露源和处理情况进行分析。结果共调查6 097人次,发生职业暴露243人次,暴露发生率为3.99%;职业暴露发生率呈逐年下降趋势(P<0.05)。实习护士职业暴露发生率最高,其次是护士和医师,分别为7.02%、4.91%和3.56%;外科发生率最高,其次为内科,分别为5.38%和4.49%。暴露方式以针刺或锐器割伤为主,占91.77%;操作环节以输液、注射结束拔针或采血最常见,占44.86%;损伤部位主要为手或手指,占88.07%;暴露源以乙型肝炎为主,占39.51%;经随访调查,无1例发生感染。结论加强职业防护知识培训,健全管理制度,规范操作行为,是降低职业暴露风险的有效措施。
Objective To understand occupational exposure of medical personnel in a second-level general hospital and to explore protective strategies. Methods A medical staff who had been exposed to occupational exposures in a hospital from 2007 to 2016 were investigated and their occupations, departments, exposures, exposure sources and treatment were analyzed. Results A total of 6 097 passengers were surveyed, occupational exposure was 243 and the incidence of exposure was 3.99%. The occupational exposure rate showed a decreasing trend year by year (P <0.05). Internship nurses occupy the highest occupational exposure, followed by nurses and physicians, accounting for 7.02%, 4.91% and 3.56% respectively; the highest incidence of surgery, followed by internal medicine, 5.38% and 4.49% respectively. The method of exposure was mainly acupuncture or sharp incision, accounting for 91.77%. The operation was the most common, 44.86% by needle infusion or injection at the end of injection, with 88.07% Hepatitis B accounted for 39.51%. No follow-up investigation showed any infection occurred. Conclusion Strengthening occupational protection knowledge training, perfecting management system and standardizing operational behaviors are effective measures to reduce occupational exposure risk.