日本铁道创建于1872年,随之也开设了机车车辆修理和组装工厂。在创建初期,机车车辆依靠从英美德进口或进口部件由国内组装。1875年由日本铁路工厂开始自制客货车,直到1893年才开始自制蒸汽机车。但数量有限,满足不了不断开设新线路的需要。1806年开创民营机车车辆制造工厂,1908年以后,日本铁路所需的新造机车车辆大部分由民营工厂制造。铁路工厂主要负责机车车辆的修理和改造。至明治末年(1912年),日本机车车辆制造工业已形成完整体系,已达到 Japan Railway was founded in 1872, followed by the locomotive and rolling stock repair and assembly plant. In its early days, locomotives were assembled domestically by importing or importing parts from Britain, the United States and Germany. In 1875, the Japanese-owned railroad factory began to make homemade vans and did not start making steam locomotives until 1893. But the number is limited, can not meet the need to constantly open new lines. In 1806, a privately owned rolling stock manufacturing plant was established. Since 1908, most of the new rolling stock vehicles required for the Japanese railway have been manufactured by private factories. Railway factory is mainly responsible for the repair and modification of rolling stock. To the late Meiji (1912), Japan’s rolling stock manufacturing industry has formed a complete system, has reached