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1911年沙俄趁中国辛亥革命之机煽动外蒙古脱离中国“自治”,依附于俄国。1917年俄国十月革命使外蒙局势动荡,日本、苏俄纷纷干涉外蒙事务,日本支持旧俄军官在蒙境作乱,苏俄趁机扶持外蒙革命力量,鼓动外蒙独立。北洋政府冲破重重阻力,努力于1919年实现外蒙撤治,复归中国管辖。但由于随后中国政局变化,各派军阀之间忙于内战,忽视了外蒙形势的变化,致使1921年外蒙在苏俄策动下脱离中国,极大损害了中国的主权。
In 1911, Russia took advantage of the opportunity of the Chinese Revolution of 1911 to incite its out of China’s “autonomy” and to attach itself to Russia. In 1917, the October Revolution in Russia caused turmoil in the Outer Mongolia. Japan and the Soviet Union interfered in the affairs of the Outer Mongolia. Japan supported the old Russian officers in making mistakes in Mongolia. The Soviet Union took the opportunity to support the revolutionary forces in the Outer Mongolia and encourage the independence of the Outer Mongolia. The Beiyang government broke through all obstacles and worked hard to achieve the withdrawal of the Outer Mongolia in 1919 and return to Chinese jurisdiction. However, as a result of the subsequent political changes in China, the various warlords were busy with the civil war and neglected the changes in the situation in the Outer Mongolia. As a result, in 1921, the Outer Mongolia escaped from China under Soviet imperialism and greatly damaged China’s sovereignty.