应用双列杂交法研究了黄淮棉区不同熟性类型的品种（系）共１６个陆地棉材料主要经济性状的配合力。依据配合力表现，筛选了育种工作不同经济性状改良可资利用的理想亲本；强调指出，中棉１２号在杂优育种的产量改良中有较为突出的利用价值；建议将中１２、冀植１７、陕６１１５及中２０６作为现阶段杂优育种产量改良的骨干品系，广泛测配强优组合。与试杂交种观察分析表明，杂优利用在短季棉品种改良中有较好的应用前景；初步筛选了Ｈ００４等３个优势组合。 The combining ability of main economic characters of 16 upland cotton cultivars (lines) with different maturity types in Huang-Huai cotton area was studied by using the double-row hybridization method. Based on the performance of combining ability, we screened the ideal parents that different economic traits of breeding work could be improved and utilized. It was emphasized that there was a more prominent value of using Zhongmian 12 in the yield improvement of hybrid breeding. It is suggested that Zhong 12 and Ji 17 , Shaanxi 6115 and 206 as the backbone of hybrid rice yield improvement at the present stage, a wide range of strong combination of strong test. The observation and analysis of mixed hybrids with test hybrids showed that heterosis utilization had a good application prospect in the improvement of short-season cotton varieties. Three dominant combinations such as H004 were screened initially.