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2013和2014年在陕西杨凌进行田间控水试验,试验设置两个灌溉水平,每个灌溉水平下设置4种受旱处理,以全生育期均灌水为对照,分析不同生育时期受旱条件下夏玉米的株高、叶面积、生物量和产量等生理生态指标的变化特征以及蒸散量和水分利用效率的变化规律。结果表明,不同的灌水水平与受旱时段对夏玉米的产量有明显的交互作用,拔节前受旱会使最终产量偏低,且低灌水处理产量低于高灌水处理;在抽雄期受旱会明显减少穗粒数,但在同一灌水水平下产量最高;灌浆期受旱不仅明显减小了百粒重导致减产,而且蒸散量偏大,导致水分利用效率降低。因此,灌水水平较低时,应尽量避免玉米营养生长阶段(出苗和拔节)受旱;灌水水平较高时,可选择在苗期适度亏水,并避免灌浆期受旱。
Field control experiments were conducted in Yangling, Shaanxi province in 2013 and 2014. Two irrigation levels were set and four drought-tolerant treatments were set up for each irrigation level. The average irrigation rate during the whole growth period was used as control. The effects of drought during different growth stages on summer Characteristics of maize plant height, leaf area, biomass and yield and other physiological and ecological indicators of the characteristics of variation and evapotranspiration and water use efficiency. The results showed that there was a significant interaction between different irrigation levels and summer maize yield. The drought stress before jointing would make the final yield low and the yield of low irrigation was lower than that of high irrigation. During the drought period The number of grains per spike was significantly reduced, but the yield was the highest under the same irrigation level. The drought stress during grain filling stage not only reduced the yield of 100-grain weight but also caused the large evapotranspiration, which led to the decrease of water use efficiency. Therefore, low irrigation levels should try to avoid corn vegetative growth stage (emergence and jointing) drought; higher irrigation levels, you can choose moderate water loss at seedling stage, and to avoid drought during filling.