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对黄淮海地区通过审定的212份大豆品种的主要农艺性状演变进行了分析。结果表明:2000年以后育成品种比70年代育成品种分枝和单株荚数分别降低26.04%和1.66%,百粒重和脂肪含量分别增加了23.17%和7.32%。株高、底荚高度和生育日数90年代育成品种最低;主茎节数80年代育成品种最少,比主茎节数最高的70年代育成品种减少18.37%;在黄淮海育成大豆品种中,亚有限结荚习性大豆所占比例持续增长,但还是以有限结荚习性为主,无限结荚习性大豆所占比例一直在下降;圆形叶的比例逐年增加,而披针叶和椭圆叶比例有所下降。随着年代推进,在分枝数和单株荚数下降的情况下,由于百粒重的增加,单产也随之增加。蛋白质含量以90年代育成品种最高;脂肪含量逐年稳步增长。
The evolution of the main agronomic traits of 212 soybeans examined and approved in Huang-Huai-Hai area was analyzed. The results showed that after 2000, the bred varieties and bred pods per plant were reduced by 26.04% and 1.66%, respectively, and the barycenter and fat contents increased by 23.17% and 7.32% respectively after 2000. Plant height, bottom pod height and number of days of fertility were the lowest in the 1990s. The number of main stems decreased by 18.37% in the 1970s with the least number of bred varieties in the 1980s, The proportion of soybean with pod habit continued to increase, but still with limited pod habit, the proportion of soybean with unlimited pod habit has been declining; the proportion of round leaf increased year by year, while the proportion of lanceolate and oval leaves decline. As the years progressed, yields also increased as the number of branches and pods per plant decreased due to an increase in the weight of 100 grains. Protein content in the 90’s bred varieties highest; fat content increased steadily year by year.