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目的:为单叶石仙桃提供科学准确的性状和显微鉴别特征。方法:采用性状及显微鉴别方法对其根状茎、假鳞茎进行性状特征研究,对其根、根状茎、假鳞茎、叶进行组织构造和粉末特征研究。结果:根状茎呈圆柱形,具多数环节;假鳞茎呈干瘪、长纺锤形,表面有不规则纵皱沟,质轻或较松泡;气微,味甘淡,嚼之有黏性。其根状茎、假鳞茎的横切片和粉末显微特征显示:根状茎表皮细胞具近20个细波纹,外侧皮层细胞外周均匀增厚,有限外韧型维管束散在,排成4~5圈;根状茎粉末中表皮细胞角质层有网状裂纹,皮层有厚壁细胞,木薄壁细胞垂周壁呈连珠状。假鳞茎薄壁组织中散有多数黏液细胞,内含草酸钙针晶束;假鳞茎粉末中草酸钙针晶束存在于黏液细胞中,纤维束周围细胞中含硅质块,纵向排列。结论:该研究明确了单叶石仙桃的药材性状特征和显微特征,所建立的鉴别方法操作简单,准确可靠。
OBJECTIVE: To provide scientifically accurate traits and microscopic identification for the single-leaf stone peach. Methods: The traits of rhizomes and pseudobulbs were studied by traits and microscopic identification. The characters of tissue and powder of roots, rhizomes, pseudobulb and leaves were studied. Results: The rhizomes were cylindrical, with most of the links. The pseudobulbs were shriveled and long spindle with irregular longitudinal folds on the surface. The bulbs were light or loose. The rhizome, pseudobulb transverse section and the powder microscopic features showed that the rhizome epidermal cells with nearly 20 fine ripples, outer cortical cells were uniformly thickening of the outer circumference, the limited number of ruptured vascular bundles scattered, arranged in 4 to 5 Ring; rhizoid powder in the stratum corneum stratum reticulate cracks, cortical thick-walled cells, ploidy pectoral wall was pectoral. The pseudobulbi parenchyma had many mucus cells dispersed therein, which contained calcium oxalate needle beam. The calcium oxalate needle beam in pseudobulb powder existed in mucus cells, and the silicon cells around the fiber bundle were longitudinally arranged. Conclusion: The study identified the medicinal traits and microscopic features of the single-leaf stone peach. The identification method established is simple, accurate and reliable.