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文章分析和总结了20世纪80年代以来我国关于籽瓜养分吸收、肥料效应和平衡施肥等方面的研究。多数研究表明:籽瓜需钾最多,氮次之,磷最少,每生产100 kg瓜籽需要N9.4 kg,P_2O_55.6 kg,K_2O 12.8 kg。籽瓜苗期N、P_2O_5、K_2O的净吸收量占相应养分吸收总量的1.0%、0.7%、0.6%;伸蔓期净吸收量占总量的9.4%、8.1%、6.1%;白籽期的净吸收量占总量的73.9%、74.2%、69.5%。伸蔓期和膨果期是籽瓜需肥的关键时期,伸蔓期应以施氮磷肥为主,膨果期以钾肥为主。氮磷素为籽瓜增产的主要养分限制因子,微量元素正逐渐成为限制因素。平衡施肥使籽瓜产量提高10%~59%。
This paper analyzes and summarizes the research about nutrient absorption of seed and melon, fertilizer effect and balanced fertilization in China since the 1980s. Most studies show that: the highest seed potash need potassium, followed by nitrogen, phosphorus at least, each production of 100 kg seeds need N9.4 kg, P_2O_55.6 kg, K_2O 12.8 kg. The net absorption of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O at seedling stage accounted for 1.0%, 0.7% and 0.6% of the corresponding total nutrient uptake, while the net absorption during the stretch phase accounted for 9.4%, 8.1% and 6.1% of the total. The net absorption accounted for 73.9%, 74.2%, 69.5% of the total. Stretching and fruiting period of fruiting is a key period of fertilizer need, extending period should be the main application of nitrogen and phosphorus, the expansion period to potash-based. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the main nutrient limiting factors for the increase of seed watermelon, and trace elements are becoming a limiting factor. Balanced fertilization raises the yield of seed melon 10% ~ 59%.