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目的了解石油化工作业对工人职业健康的影响,掌握作业工人的职业健康状况和主要职业影响因素。方法以某石油化工厂职工352人作接触组;以不接触职业危害因素的该厂行政干部、学校老师247人作对照组,对接触组和对照组均用统一的询问方法调查职业史、既往史、家族史、吸烟饮酒史和现病史,并进行职业健康检查。同时对职业健康影响因素进行分析。结果石油化工作业工人慢性上呼吸道疾病检出率为53.7%,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。其中慢性咽炎、慢性扁桃体炎和慢性鼻炎分别占77.2%、6.4%和16.4%。X线胸片显示两肺纹理增粗、紊乱等异常改变,接触组异常率(12.5%)较对照组(3.3%)明显增高(P<0.05)。接触组肺功能指标实测值显著低于预计值(P<0.05)。上呼吸道疾患率和肺功能异常率均随着工龄的增长而升高,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论石油化工作业对工人的呼吸系统有一定程度的危害。因此,应加强对接触者进行定期的动态观察。
Objective To understand the impact of petrochemical operations on workers’ occupational health and to grasp occupational health status and major occupational factors of workers. METHODS: A total of 352 workers in a petrochemical plant were used as a contact group. 247 administrative cadres and school teachers in the factory who were not exposed to occupational hazards were used as a control group. Both the contact group and the control group were investigated for occupational history by a uniform method of inquiry, History, family history, smoking and drinking history and current history, and occupational health examination. At the same time, the factors influencing occupational health are analyzed. Results The detection rate of chronic upper respiratory diseases in petrochemical workers was 53.7%, which was significantly different from the control group (P <0.01). Chronic pharyngitis, chronic tonsillitis and chronic rhinitis accounted for 77.2%, 6.4% and 16.4% respectively. X-ray showed abnormal thickening and disorder of both lungs. The abnormal rate of contact group (12.5%) was significantly higher than that of control group (3.3%) (P <0.05). The measured values of pulmonary function indexes in the contact group were significantly lower than the expected values (P <0.05). The rates of upper respiratory disease and abnormal lung function increased with the increase of seniority, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion The petro-chemical work to a certain degree of harm to the respiratory system of workers. Therefore, regular dynamic observation of contacts should be strengthened.