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早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)是一种可引起致盲的视网膜新生血管及纤维组织增生的病变,正逐渐受到国内眼科和新生儿科医师的重视。关于ROP的临床研究取得了很多成果,但是受到研究对象和医学伦理等问题的限制。类似ROP病变的氧诱导视网膜病变(OIR)模型先后在猫、家兔、犬、小鼠、大鼠等动物中建立,后两者由于具有体型小、繁殖快、品种品系多、方法较为成熟且成功率高等特点,得到了广泛的应用。转基因小鼠为ROP的分子遗传学研究提供了理想的途径。此外大鼠中CO2诱导视网膜病变和代谢性酸中毒诱导视网膜病变的方法将有助于研究CO2、酸中毒与ROP的关系。犬视网膜血管对氧的反应比啮齿类动物更加接近人类,但其ROP模型在更多应用之前还有待于深入研究。
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a kind of retinal neovascularization and fibrosis that cause blindness. It is gradually receiving the attention of ophthalmology and neonatology in China. There are many achievements in clinical research about ROP, but it is limited by the research object and medical ethics. Oxygen-induced retinopathy (RIR) -like disease model has been established in cats, rabbits, dogs, mice, rats and other animals, the latter two due to their small size, rapid propagation, variety strains, the method is more mature High success rate, has been widely used. Transgenic mice provide an ideal way to study ROP molecular genetics. In addition, CO2-induced retinopathy and metabolic acidosis in rats induced retinopathy will help to study the relationship between CO2, acidosis and ROP. Canine retinal blood vessels react more closely to oxygen than rodents, but their ROP model remains to be further explored before more applications are made.