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一 进化论在本土的萌芽与外采传播 进化论是戊戌变法至五四前后影响最为广泛的一种思想潮流。但在严复译介赫胥黎的《天演论》之前,进化的观念在本土已经开始萌芽,只不过由于持有这一观念的思想家理论上的朦胧和论述的缺乏系统性,没有、也不可能造成理论的冲击力罢了。 中国近代哲学的先驱人物龚自珍在哲学思想上就具有了进化观的雏形,他变易的社会历史观已经很接近进化论了。他说“古人之世,倏而为今之世;今人之世,倏而为后之世;旋轻簸荡而不已。”这是对历史演化之快的悠长喟叹。“自古及今,法无不改,势无不积,事便无不变迁,风气无不移易。”这是对《周易》“穷则变,变则通”的进一步阐释,虽然带有实用性很强的经世致用之风,为他的变法革新提供理论依据,但它毕竟体现了早期历史变易的进化观。
The evolution of a theory of evolution in the local germination and evolution of external mining is the most influential ideological trend before the May 18 Reform Movement. However, before Yan Xu translated Huxley’s “Evolution and Ethics”, the notion of evolution has begun to sprout in the native land. However, due to the theoretical obscurity and discourse of the holders of this concept, there is no systematic, no, nor May cause the impact of the theory nothing more. Gong Zizhen, a pioneer of Chinese modern philosophy, has the embryonic form of evolution in his philosophical thinking. His changed social and historical view has been very close to the theory of evolution. He said: “The world of ancient people, while the world is now; the world of mankind today, and the world of the latter; swirling light rock.” This is a long sigh of rapid evolution of history. “Since ancient times and today, the law has all changed, the potential is plot, everything will be changed, the atmosphere is easy to move.” This is the “Book of Changes” “poorer change, change through” further explanation, although with practicality The style of practical use of the world provides a theoretical basis for his reform of reform, but after all, it reflects the evolutionary view of the early history.