Nowadays,the preservation of natural resources,the reuse,and the recycling of waste and by-products in the cement industry are gaining increasing attention in a sustainable development project.In this perspective,many studies focus on finding solutions in order to propose environmentally friendly materials.Nowadays the sediments represent a way to preserve the natural resources by their reuse as a secondary raw material in multiple applications (concrete,roads,landscaped mound,etc.).However,they commonly contain contaminants,organic matter (5％-30％),high water content (50％-200％),and relatively small particle size (Dmax ≤ 300 μm).Therefore to improve the mechanical properties of this material as well as its physiochemical ones,specific methods of characterization and appropriate treatment techniques (calcination,chemical treatment,etc.) are required.This article presents a bibliographical review of the efficient use of sediments in cementitious matrix.It details experimental tests that must be performed to ensure the durability of sediment-based structure and assess their environmental impact under prescribed conditions.